As already stated, this isn’t a common problem at all. It sounds as though the project has been corrupted and the binder file isn’t in sync with the document files. (Quick background, a Scrivener project is not a single file but multiple files within a project folder, and their names and location relative to one another are critical for all the pieces to come together properly in the project. Only Scrivener should ever be directly modifying the files in the project directory.) I’ve seen this sort of thing most commonly with a bad sync, e.g. when a project is kept in a Dropbox folder and not all the pieces sync correctly across machines, but that doesn’t seem likely to be your problem here unless you neglected to mention you’d been working on this same project across different computers. 
The same sort of issue could occur if the project.scrivx file were damaged or modified, or if any of the files in the project were moved or altered. If you accidentally moved the project.scrivx file out of the .scriv folder, for instance, you’d be able to open the project but all you’d see is the skeleton in the binder–none of the files would actually load when you clicked them, because the file paths would be broken. Similarly, if you have some sort of computer cleaning software or backup software that’s touching the files in the project, Scrivener may not be able to access them and so is showing blank pages because it just can’t load the underlying RTF.
If you’re using something like IDrive Backup or Carbonite, I’d exclude your Scrivener projects from the backups (at least when the project is open) and instead save your automatic backups in Scrivener to a location that is indexed by the backup software. (You can adjust Scrivener’s backup settings in Tools > Options; you may want to increase the number of backups saved and enable the option to create a backup on Ctrl+S to make it extra easy to make frequent backups.)
Finally, for this particular project, check your backups first of all. Scrivener makes a complete project backup on close, so you may have this and be able to simply restore it and carry on. In Scrivener, go to Tools > Backups and click “Open Backup Folder” to reveal the backup files in Windows Explorer. If the backups are stored as zip archives (they are by default), you’ll need to extract a copy of the project before you can open it in Scrivener. Either right-click the zipped folder and choose “Extract All” or double-click the folder and then drag out the .scriv folder to another location. You can then open the project in Scrivener as normal.
If that doesn’t work, try using the Windows search to look for specific phrases in the text. You may be able to turn up some documents from within the project. Documents in a project are saved as numbered RTFs, e.g. 8.rtf, so if you get some hits, check the file properties to find the path and then go look to see what else is in that location. It could be that all or most of your text files are still saved and together, just not in the location they should be, or not being read properly by the project file. If the RTFs themselves are okay, you can import them into a new project or potentially restore the current one through another method.