There is no preference file, so to speak, on Windows. Scrivener uses the registry for most of that kind of stuff. You can certainly export and import the contents of the registry into a file format, for transfer between computers, or to back up your settings, but this would be more overhead than syncing your settings automatically.
As for that, if you use a cloud service that lets you sync whatever you want, from wherever it sits, instead of forcing your to use a monolithic-everything-folder, then just pick Scrivener’s AppData folder in that tool, and sync it up between systems. Otherwise, you might have to use a linking setup.
I have less experience with that in Windows, but this thread might help you out. I would note that the comment there on symbolic links might be due to how many sync services don’t handle them well, unfortunately (as they are so useful!). On UNIX systems it is better to host the actual data in the monolithic-everything-folder, and have the symbolic link be from the expected AppData location, to that—but this is where my knowledge of Windows falters. I don’t know if that is safe or not.