So I was having trouble with speechsdk and the most recent version of winetricks. (It’s them, not us.) I was able to set sapi under library to “native,” (in winecfg, Library, new override for library, type sapi, then set it to native.) Scrivener started right up without speechsdk installed. Downside is that you won’t get speech. But if you’re running the 64-bit version, you won’t anyway, because the SDK is 32-bit.
Quick and dirty trick if (like me) it’s getting late, and you need to get Scrivener working quickly. (This works for wine-staging 5.12. Not sure if it works for anything else.)